Kako koristiti usmjeravanje u Vue.js-u za stvaranje boljeg korisničkog iskustva

Programiranje

Vue.js je sjajan JavaScript Framework koji je kreirao Evan You. Koristi se za izradu aplikacija za pojedinačne web stranice i fleksibilnih komponenti, a jedna je od najtraženijih vještina u razvoju web stranica Front End. Više o Vue.js možete saznati ovdje.

Vue.js nudi hrpu značajki koje vam omogućuju izradu web komponenata za višekratnu upotrebu. Usmjeravanje je jedna od tih metoda. Omogućuje korisniku prebacivanje između stranica bez osvježavanja stranice. To je ono što navigaciju čini jednostavnom i jako lijepom u vašim web aplikacijama.

Tako ću u ovom članku objasniti kako Vue.js usmjerivači rade tako da kao primjer napravim predložak Vue.

Početak rada

Dakle, krenimo s našim Vue.js Route r projektom instaliranjem i izradom novog Vue.js projekta. Moramo imati instaliran Node.js. Koristit ćemo vue-cli za generiranje novog Vue.js projekta. Slijedite korake dane u nastavku:

Unesite sljedeći kod u svoj terminal i pokrenite:

vue init webpack vue-router
//cd vue-router//npm run dev

Pregledajte // localhost: 8080

Otvorite aplikaciju u uređivaču teksta. Unutar mape komponenata otvorite HellowWorld.vuedatoteku i slijedite ove korake:

  • Preimenuj HellowWorld.vueu home.vue. Uklonite sav kod i zamijenite ga ovim:
Home
export default { name: 'home', data () { return { msg: 'Welcome to Your Vue.js App' } }}
  • Idite index.jsu mapu usmjerivača i zamijenite HelloWorlds home:
import Vue from 'vue'import Router from 'vue-router'import home from '@/components/home'
Vue.use(Router)
export default new Router({ routes: [ { path: '/', name: 'home', component: home } ]})

App.vueDatoteka trebala izgledati ovako:

export default { name: 'App'}
#app { }

A sada napišite svoj kod!

Sad ćemo dodati predložak Bootswatch-a. Možete odabrati bilo koji predložak koji vam se sviđa. Ja ću odabrati Cosmo. Pritisnite Ctrl + U da biste pogledali izvor koda i samo kopirali Navbar(samo nam treba navigacijska traka). Zalijepite ovaj kod u App.vuekomponenta.

Evo nas ?

Zatim ćemo stvoriti još tri komponente: Blog, Servicesi Contact.

Unutar mape komponenata stvorite novu datoteku, nazovite je blog.vuei u nju ugurajte ovaj kôd:

{{blog}}
 export default{ name:'blog', data (){ return{ title:'Blog' } } }

Ako želite učiniti isto za komponentu usluge i kontakta, ove mape morate imati u mapi komponenata:

  • kući.vue
  • blog.vue
  • usluge.vue
  • kontakt.vue

Konfiguracija usmjerivača

Nakon stvaranja ove četiri komponente, moramo konfigurirati usmjerivače tako da možemo kretati između komponenata.

Pa kako možemo doći do svake komponente pomoću usmjerivača?

Moramo naučiti pravila usmjeravanja. Sada moramo napraviti neke preinake unutar mape usmjerivača, tako da je otvorenoindex.js

Prati ove korake:

  • Prvo uvezite svoje komponente u index.js. Uvozite sve komponente pomoću importmetode.
import home from '@/components/home'import blog from '@/components/blog'import services from '@/components/services'import contact from '@/components/contact'
  • Drugi uvoz Vue-a i modula usmjerivača iz modula vue-router:
import Vue from 'vue'import Router from 'vue-router'
// use routerVue.use(Router)

Ako ste Vue instalirali s vue-cli, imat ćete zadani modul vue-router.

  • Napokon, unutar mape usmjerivača moramo konfigurirati usmjerivače da rade. Metoda usmjerivača uzima niz objekata koji zauzvrat uzima svojstva svake komponente:
export default new Router({ routes: [ { path: '/', name: 'home', component: home }, { path: '/blog', name: 'blog', component: blog }, { path: '/services', name: 'services', component: services }, { path: '/contact', name: 'contact', component: contact } ]})
  • path : put komponente
  • name: naziv komponente
  • component : pogled na komponentu

Da biste bilo koju komponentu postavili zadanom komponentom, postavite kosu crtu ('/') na svojstvo puta:

path:'/'

In our example, we set the home page as the default page. Now, when you open the the project in the browser, the first page that will appear is the home page.

{path:'/',name:'home',component:home}

The vue-router has more advanced parameters and methods, but we are not jumping into this section at this point.

This is the list of properties and methods that you can use with vue-router:

  • Nested routers
  • Named view
  • Redirect and Alias
  • Navigation Guard
  • Router instance

Now you can browse to any components by typing the name of the component!

router-link

Now we are going to set up the navigation through the Navbar that we created usingthe router-link element.

To do that, we should replace the </a> element by &lt;/router/link> like this:

  •  Blog
  •  Services 
  •  contact

    • The router-link takes the to='path' attribute that takes the path of the component as a value.

    Router-view

    You will find the ew> tag i n the App.vue file. It’s basically the view where the components are rendered. It’s like the main div that contains all the components, and it returns the component that match the current route. We will di scuss route-view in the next part when we use the animation transition .

    Using the parameters inside the routers

    At this point, we will use parameters to navigate to specific components. The parameters make the routing dynamic.

    To work with parameters, we are gonna create a list of products and an array of data. When you click on the link of any product, it will take us to the page details through a parameter.

    In this situation, we are not going to use a database or API to retrieve the products’ data. So what we have to do is create an Array of products that will act as a database.

    Inside the home.vue component, put the Array within the data() method just like this:

    export default { name: 'home', data () { return { title: 'Home', products:[ { productTitle:"ABCN", image : require('../assets/images/product1.png'), productId:1 }, { productTitle:"KARMA", image : require('../assets/images/product2.png'), productId:2 }, { productTitle:"Tino", image : require('../assets/images/product3.png'), productId:3 }, { productTitle:"EFG", image : require('../assets/images/product4.png'), productId:4 }, { productTitle:"MLI", image : require('../assets/images/product5.png'), productId:5 }, { productTitle:"Banans", image : require('../assets/images/product6.png'), productId:6 } ] } }}

    Then fetch and loop into the Products Array using the v-for directive .

    {{data.productTitle}}

    The result:

    To navigate to the details component, we first have to add a click event:

    {{data.productTitle}}

    Then add methods:

    methods:{ goTodetail() { this.$router.push({name:'details'}) }

    If you click the title, it will return undefined because we haven’t created the details component yet. So let’s create one:

    details.vue

    {{title}}
     export default{ name:'details', data(){ return{ title:"details" } } }

    Now we can navigate without getting an error ?

    Now how can we browse to the details page and get the matched data if we don’t have a database?

    We are going to use the same products array in the details component. So we can mach the id that comes from the URL:

    products:[ { productTitle:"ABCN", image : require('../assets/images/product1.png'), productId:1 }, { productTitle:"KARMA", image : require('../assets/images/product2.png'), productId:2 }, { productTitle:"Tino", image : require('../assets/images/product3.png'), productId:3 }, { productTitle:"EFG", image : require('../assets/images/product4.png'), productId:4 }, { productTitle:"MLI", image : require('../assets/images/product5.png'), productId:5 }, { productTitle:"Banans", image : require('../assets/images/product6.png'), productId:6 } ]

    First we have to set the id to the goTodetail() method as a parameter:

    {{data.productTitle}}

    Then add a second parameter to the router method.

    The $router method takes two parameters: first, the name of the component we want to navigate to, and second, the id parameter (or any other parameter).

    this.$router.push({name:'details',params:{Pid:proId}})

    Add Pid as the parameter in index.js inside the router folder:

    { path: '/details/:Pid', name: 'details', component: details }

    home.vue

    methods:{ goTodetail(prodId) { this.$router.push({name:'details',params:{Pid:proId}}) } }

    To get the matched parameter, use this line of code:

    this.$route.params.Pid

    details.vue

    the product id is :{{this.$route.params.Pid}}

    Then loop through the products array indetalils.vue and check the object that matchs the parameter Pid and return its data:

    {{product.productTitle}}
    ///export default{ name:'details', data(){ return{ proId:this.$route.params.Pid, title:"details" }}

    You see now that when we click any product’s link it get us to that product!

    detail.vue component:

    {{product.productTitle}}
     export default{ name:'details', data(){ return{ proId:this.$route.params.Pid, title:"details", products:[ { productTitle:"ABCN", image : require('../assets/images/product1.png'), productId:1 }, { productTitle:"KARMA", image : require('../assets/images/product2.png'), productId:2 }, { productTitle:"Tino", image : require('../assets/images/product3.png'), productId:3 }, { productTitle:"EFG", image : require('../assets/images/product4.png'), productId:4 }, { productTitle:"MLI", image : require('../assets/images/product5.png'), productId:5 }, { productTitle:"Banans", image : require('../assets/images/product6.png'), productId:6 } ] } } }

    The transition

    In this part, we are going to add an animation transition to the animated component. We will animate the transition of the components. It makes the navigation awesome, and it creates a better UX and UI.

    To make an animation transition, put the “” inside the “” tag and give it a name of class.

    App.vue

    To animate the transition of the component when it enters the view, add enter-activeto the name given to the transition tag. Then addleave-activeand then give it the CSS transition properties just like this:

    .moveInUp-enter-active{ opacity: 0; transition: opacity 1s ease-in;}

    Using CSS3 animation

    Now we are gonna animate using @keyframes in CSS3.

    When the component enters the view, add a fade effect to the view.

    .moveInUp-enter-active{ animation: fadeIn 1s ease-in;}@keyframes fadeIn{ 0%{ opacity: 0; } 50%{ opacity: 0.5; } 100%{ opacity: 1; }}

    Add another fade effect when the component leaves the view.

    Now we’re going to make the component move in and up when it leaves the view.

    .moveInUp-leave-active{ animation: moveInUp .3s ease-in;}@keyframes moveInUp{ 0%{ transform: translateY(0); } 100%{ transform: translateY(-400px); }}

    Now you can create you own animations and transitions for your components.

    That’s it — we are done ! ?

    You can Download the Source code here .

    Wrapping up

    Routing in Vue.js makes your app pretty awesome when it come to navigation. It give it that energy of the single page web application, and it creates a better user experience.

    By the way…

    If you want to learn Bootstrap 4, check out my class on Skillshare with this referral link and get 2 free months access to 20,000 classes.

    Originally published on zeolearn.com

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